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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 283-290.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00101

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黄土高原衰退柠条( Caragana korshinskii )林近自然修复技术模式

宋鑫洋1(), 牟梦宇1, 赵晨光1, 王嘉铮1, 火彦君2, 赵长明1, 管超1()   

  1. 1.兰州大学 生态学院/草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室/榆中山地生态系统野外科学观测研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.榆中县贡井林场,甘肃 榆中 730118
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-03 修回日期:2025-04-27 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 管超
  • 作者简介:宋鑫洋(2000—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,硕士研究生,研究方向为林业资源保育与利用。E-mail: alive_song_xy@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1302502);兰州市科技计划项目(2024-2-29);甘肃省科技重大专项-科技领军人才项目(23ZDKA0006)

Close-to-nature restoration technological pattern for degraded Caragana korshinskii stands in the Loess Plateau

Xinyang Song1(), Mengyu Mu1, Chenguang Zhao1, Jiazheng Wang1, Yanjun Huo2, Changming Zhao1, Chao Guan1()   

  1. 1.College of Ecology / State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems / Yuzhong Mountain Ecosystems Observation and Research Station,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.Yuzhong County Gongjing Forestry,Yuzhong 730118,Gansu,China
  • Received:2025-03-03 Revised:2025-04-27 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-06-30
  • Contact: Chao Guan

摘要:

柠条(Caragana korshinskii)作为“三北”防护林体系的核心灌木树种,长期高密度纯林经营导致林分衰退,生长势减弱,自然更新能力下降,严重制约其生态屏障功能。针对传统修复技术忽视自然演替规律,生物多样性恢复不足以及技术手段单一,不能进行精准修复的问题,本研究以榆中县贡井林场衰退柠条林为对象,通过构建平茬-混交-接种结皮的近自然修复技术模式,分析不同措施对林分生长状况的影响,以明确不同衰退程度下柠条林的最适修复模式。结果表明:50%平茬强度、10 cm留茬高度的近自然平茬模式显著提升了柠条生长特性和林地植被覆盖率,为最优平茬模式。针对轻度衰退柠条林,采用近自然平茬技术进行修复,具体技术参数为:平茬强度50%、留茬高度10 cm;针对中度衰退柠条林,采用近自然平茬技术与混交小灌木技术相结合进行修复,具体技术参数为:平茬强度50%、留茬高度10 cm,柠条与毛刺锦鸡儿(Caragana tibetica)的混交比例为2∶1;针对重度衰退柠条林,采用近自然平茬技术、混交小灌木技术与结皮接种技术相结合进行修复,具体技术参数为:平茬强度50%、留茬高度10 cm,柠条与毛刺锦鸡儿的混交比例为1∶1,结皮接种盖度大于60%。

关键词: 黄土高原, 柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii), 平茬, 混交, 结皮

Abstract:

Caragana korshinskii is a major shrub species in the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program, contributing significantly to ecological protection in arid and semi-arid regions. However, long-term and high-density monoculture management has led to widespread stand degradation, evidenced by diminished growth vigor, reduced natural regeneration capability, and impaired ecological function. Conventional restoration strategies often overlook natural successional processes, fail to enhance biodiversity, and rely on limited and non-targeted mechanical measures. This study was conducted at a degraded Caragana korshinskii site in Yuzhong County Gongjing Forestry. A close-to-nature restoration technological pattern was developed, incorporating selective coppicing, mixed planting, and inoculating biocrusts. The effects of various restoration treatments on stand development and vegetation cover were investigated to identify optimal solutions for stands exhibiting different degrees of degradation. The findings revealed that a 50% coppicing intensity with a stump height of 10 cm significantly improved C. korshinskii growth characteristics and increased vegetation cover, indicating this as the optimal near-natural coppicing regime. For mildly degraded stands, near-natural coppicing (50% intensity, 10 cm stump height) was sufficient. In moderately degraded stands, combining the optimal near-natural coppicing with a 2∶1 mix of C. korshinskii and C. tibetica yielded better restoration outcomes. The most effective technique for severely degraded stands involved a combination of the optimal near-natural coppicing, mixed planting of C. korshinskii and C. tibetica at a 1∶1 ratio, and biocrust inoculation at a coverage exceeding 60%.

Key words: Loess Plateau, Caragana korshinskii, coppicing, mixed planting, biocrusts

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